Through sustainable business model solutions, increase electric power generation to unserved and underserved African communities.

 ABSTRACT

Africa is the second-largest and second-most-populous continent in the world, both rankings going to Asia. It occupies 20% of the planet's land area and around 30.3 million km2, or 6% of its total surface area. As of 2021, it has 1.4 billion inhabitants, or nearly 18% of all people on Earth. Everyone agrees that electrification is crucial for the advancement of society and the prosperity of the economy. Electricity has been shown to be advantageous for labour, income, education, and indoor air quality in numerous studies. Improve the production of electricity for underserved and forgotten regions of Africa by using sustainable business model solutions. expanding access to power for domestic and productive needs, with a focus on off-grid choices including home systems and micro- or mini-grids.

 

 

 

 

Introduction

By 2030, Sub-Saharan Africa will triple its renewable energy capacity, making up the majority of the newly added global capacity after all nationally specified contributions are achieved. The forecasts come as the continent works to increase the use of renewable energy in end-use industries and achieve universal access to dependable, reasonably priced, and modern energy by 2030. In Sub-Saharan Africa, some 54% of people still lack access to power, while 85% lack access to safe cooking options. According to the IEA, Africa has a good possibility of becoming the first continent to rely heavily on clean and renewable energy sources for its industrial and economic growth. 80% of displaced people, according to estimates from the Moving Energy Initiative. In Africa, new business models for renewable energy are quickly evolving to tap into new markets, use specialized technologies, and meet regulatory criteria. In order to do this, a wide range of highly adaptive business models are producing, disseminating, and capturing social, economic, and environmental value. These business models are always changing for a variety of reasons. First, they develop new value propositions (i.e., the factors that influence customer decision-making regarding a company's goods and services), such as consumer financing to encourage the use of renewable energy sources or advance energy security. Second, business models change to take advantage of new business prospects that boost the utilization of renewable energy and, consequently, the revenue of the company.

Energy poverty is the absence of adequate, cheap, dependable, high-quality, safe, and environmentally responsible energy services (Reddy et al., 2000). Everyone is in agreement that electrification is necessary for societal advancement and economic growth. Many studies show that electricity has advantages for work, income, education, and indoor air quality (Chakravorty et al., 2014; Khandker et al., 2013; Dinkelman, 2011; Barron and Torero, 2017). Only 45% of people in poor countries like Ethiopia had access to electricity in 2018, meaning that 60 million people are without one (IEA, 2019).

 

Access to electricity is crucial, but so is improved electrical quality—fewer brownouts and blackouts. Less frequent power outages are beneficial for income (Chakravorty et al., 2014; Dang and La, 2019), land and investment decisions (Dang and La, 2019), women's empowerment (Sedai as al., 2020), consumption expenditures (Sedai et al., 2021), and ownership of basic appliances (Bajo-Buenestado, 2021). The production and revenue of businesses are significantly harmed by low-quality electricity (Fisher-Vanden et al., 2015; Allcott et al., 2016). Brownouts and blackouts are associated with slower economic expansion. Ethiopia's GDP decreased by 3.1% in 2010 as a result of power outages (Engida et al., 2011).

 

Need of the Study

 

To be made known, "The Company" is a business that was founded in a nation in Francophone Africa and operates in a number of industries, including clean energy production, real estate, and agriculture. The company's operations are based in a rural location without access to power. The corporation has invested in the agriculture industry through the planting of various varieties of fruit trees, vegetable gardening, goat farming, and a pistol. Along with raising chickens to produce quails, broilers, layers, and eggs, the enterprise also raises fish. The business also uses bee hives to generate honey.

The company is still in its infancy in the real estate sector, although it does construct flats for sale and/or rental in urban regions as well as middle-class housing in semi-rural locations. The corporation plans to increase both its rural farming operations and its real estate industry. In terms of agriculture, the corporation plans to build transformation facilities for making juice, oil, peanut butter, and a variety of other products. The absence of electricity in the majority of the rural areas where the company operates, however, is a problem for it. The corporation has submitted an application for a permit to get permission to supply power in response to the liberalization of its energy sector.

The company thinks that including the development of photovoltaic or wind stations is a significant step that will propel it to a higher operating sphere, enabling it to realise its objectives for transformation in the agriculture sector and raising the quality of the homes it provides. The corporation is considering investing in photovoltaic technology to meet its needs and those of the community by building a 0.5 MW plant on land that is already part of its footprint.

The business intends to help reduce carbon footprint through the same project. The company feels it has the potential to create a clean photo voltaic project despite having only recently learned about the possibility of receiving a funding.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research Objectives

1. To increase electric power generation to unserved and underserved African communities through sustainable business model solutions.
2. To expand energy access through off-grid solutions such as home systems and micro- or mini-grids.
3. To increase access to electricity for household and productive uses - while this may include power to meet household consumer needs, emphasis is given to the delivery of power to productive commercial and industrial activities including agricultural production and processing, commercial enterprises, industrial enterprises, healthcare facilities and others
4. To increase women's participation in the energy sector by supporting women-owned and managed energy enterprises

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Review of literature

Food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is far from being achieved despite worldwide efforts to attain the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) "Zero Hunger" by 2030. (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, & WHO, 2020). "Food security occurs when all people, at all times, have physical and financial access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that fits their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life," according to the World Food Programme (FAO, 1996). Food insecurity affected 18% of the people in SSA in 2014; in 2019, that number rose to 21%. (FAO et al., 2020). Child undernutrition is significantly influenced by food insecurity at the household level (Black et al., 2013). There are two types of undernutrition in children: chronic (stunting) and acute (wasting). Despite the fact that the frequency of child undernutrition and mortality dramatically decreased thanks to worldwide initiatives implemented during the 1990s, efforts are in danger of failing due to population expansion and climate change (FAO et al., 2020; Mbow et al., 2019). Children under the age of five who are chronically undernourished suffer significant short- and long-term health and financial effects on themselves, their families, and society as a whole (UNICEF, WHO,, & WorldBank, 2021). Unavoidably, the rise in world population will result in increased levels of animal output. Around 1.3 billion people in developing nations depend on the livestock sector for their livelihoods, accounting for more than 50% of the global agricultural GSP.

Because of this, not only are agricultural requirements growing, but so is the consumption of farm animals. Alongside this rise, livestock farming has been noted to become more intensive, with an increase in the number of production units and animal densities as well as related technologies like vaccines and concentrated feeds, the latter of which need better feed infrastructure. By reducing carbon footprints, farming with goats and a pit toilet aims to protect the environment.

 

 As it affects consumers' decisions to buy items, the quality of carcasses and meat is a crucial component of market competitiveness. As consumers are the final link in the production chain, quality also affects how positively customers see the goods when their expectations are amply met. It is possible to evaluate the carcass quality of broiler chickens from a number of different perspectives.

Pollinator declines and high honey bee colony mortality rates are serious global and American concerns. Our understanding of the factors influencing the survival of the pollination industry is improved by long-term data on colony losses over the summer, winter, and annually. Annual colony loss surveys have been carried out since the huge die-offs of colonies in the USA in the winter of 2006–2007, often known as "Colony Collapse Disorder" (CCD). These surveys measure colony losses among beekeepers of all operation sizes who were contacted by phone, postal mail, and regional beekeeping associations to participate. These studies, conducted every three years, contain annual and summer losses in addition to winter losses. In this most current survey, there were 5,937 legitimate respondents (5,690 from the backyard and 169 from the sidelines).

Historically, continuous advances in living conditions have been fueled by the reallocation of labour from traditional to contemporary pursuits. In Europe and the USA, a protracted period of economic growth was started by the industrial revolution (Mokyr 1990). Recent success stories of Asian countries catching up and convergent to wealth levels in the West have been largely attributed to industrialization (Herrendorf et al. 2014; McMillan and Rodrik 2011; Rodrik 2013). For economic growth and the eradication of poverty, a vibrant, contemporary sector that employs workers is undoubtedly essential.

Governments are scrambling to find solutions that ensure sustainable resource usage as a result of population growth's enormous demand on the planet's limited environmental resources (Adekunle 2020). Food insecurity is one of the many consequences of increasing unsustainable resource usage and diminishing environmental quality, which is still a major concern for the entire world (IPCC 2014). If current rates of unsustainable resource usage continue unchecked, estimates predict that the cost of climate change could exceed US $1 trillion year by the year 2100. (Eliasch 2008). Global interests through "bioeconomy" approaches are gaining ground under various governance settings as the trend continues with rising poverty levels, loss of livelihoods, and significant outmigration (UNEP 2014).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Materials and Methods

Methodology:

The main purpose of this research "to be disclosed company" is to be a company established in a francophone African country operating in several sectors: agriculture, real estate, and the supply of clean power. The company is seriously considering photovoltaic investment to serve its needs and the surrounding village with a 0.5 MW plant.

Research Design:

The research will be inferential type of study.

Population and Sample Size:

The study will be conducted in African Country. The population of the study will be unknow in the African Country.

Instrumentation:

The instruments will be used in the study is structural interview. The content of validity and reliability should be conducted by the penal of experts.

Data collection:

 The data should be collected through direct structure interview

Data analysis:

The data thus collected will be entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Different statistical analysis including Mean, Standard derivation, and other descriptive as well as inferential statistics will be applied on different variables carried out for the determining the nature of relation and between various variables.

 

 

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